Orthopedic spine surgery is the medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating disorders of the spine affecting movement, stability, and daily function. Fellowship-trained spine surgeons combine advanced knowledge of spinal anatomy with specialized surgical training across the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. Non-operative treatments — including physical therapy, injections, and medication management — are pursued whenever appropriate before surgery is considered. When conservative care does not provide adequate relief, spine surgery may be recommended to address nerve compression, spinal instability, or structural abnormalities, with the goal of improving function and reducing pain.
